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THE
AMIDA MANDALA (below) and DESCRIPTION (right).
This is a
hanging scroll, measuring 128 by 58 cm., painted on silk in
gorgeous colors with abundant use of gold. The whole picture
is divided into two sections by a row of balustrades. The upper
half presents glorious manifestations of the Pure Land, which
are reminiscent of the Taima and the Larger Sutra Mandalas.
The lower half describes the contents of the Amida Sutra in
ten sections. It is that lower section ONLY that is repoduced
here.
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Top
of the lower section: Shakyamuni's
preaching of the Amida Sutra in the Jeta Grove at Shravasti
accompanied by lay-people, bodhisattvas, monks and deities.
Before the Buddha on the left sits Shariputra, the chief in
the audience. The Buddha keeps his right hand in the mudra
of 'bestowing fearlessness' (abhayada-mudra) and his left
hand in the mudra of 'granting wishes' (varada-mudra). In
the four corners, above and below are groups of Buddhas, who
praise the distinguished virtues of Amida.
Amida appears with a host of holy ones. Various birds sing
with sweet sounds. Seven rows of balustrades and trees. One
should aspire to birth in the Pure Land. The life-span of
Amida and beings is infinite. Seven -jewelled ponds full of
lotuses. The audience rejoices and departs. ( One meets sages
of supreme virtue. Heavenly music plays and flowers shower.
Lower
half of the lower section: Divided into nine sections,
which describe prominent features of the contents of the sutra.
(1) Seven rows of trees partitioned by seven rows of balustrades.
Each tree has seven layers of green leaves and is decorated
with white nets.
(2) Lotuses of various colors grow in the pond; those of green,
blue, red, yellow and white colors emit rays of the same colors.
Water is supplied by a mani-gem attached to a beautiful stand.
(3) A stage connects to the main building by a bridge. Various
musical instruments, including lute, harp, drum and flute,
fly about in the sky, while red and green heavenly mandarava-flowers
are showered.
(4) Birds: In the foreground there are two birds, a peacock
and a white goose, and four birds are in flight; they are
a kalavinka with the face of a heavenly maiden playing a flute,
a two-headed jivamjivaka, a shari on the upper right-hand
side, and a parrot on the lower left-hand. These birds are
manifested by Amida so that their singing can proclaim the
Dharma.
(5) Immeasurable life-span: Both Amida and those born in the
Pure Land enjoy immeasurable life-span. Amida radiates numerous
rays of light, while seated on a lotus-throne with his hands
in the meditative mudra. Monks and a bodhisattva pay homage
to him with joined hands.
(6) Meeting holy sages: The newly born devotees meet holy
sages seated on lotus-flowers.
(7) Amida's welcome: According to the Amida Sutra,, those
who concentrate on Amida's Name even for one to seven days
will see Amida and a host of sages coming to welcome them
at the hour of death. In this scene, however, the devotees
see Amida and the sages while alive. This shows that they
enjoy the benefit of welcoming and protecting at ordinary
times. Amida sends forth rays of light from between his eye-brows,
and one of the sages holds a lotus-seat for the devotee to
sit on.
(8) Acts of merit:The sutra encourages acts of merit in order
to attain birth in the Pure Land. Here these acts are depicted
as giving alms to a monk, setting free a bird in captivity,
and listening to a sermon. In the cloud above the house are
good deities watching over the devotees; they also chase away
evil spirits.
(9) End of the sutra: Shakyamuni is sitting behind an altar-table,
flanked by bodhisattvas and monks. Shariputra is paying homage
to him with joined hands. The bodhisattva who rides a lion
is Manjushri, and the one who rides an elephant is Samantabhadra.
This shows that after expounding the Amida Sutra Shakyamuni,
who was a Nirmanakaya Buddha, has now returned to his original
state of a Sambhogakaya. On the cloud behind the Buddha the
audience is seen departing.
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